DEVPERSMPLTEST2
Mr. and Mrs. Batson can’t wait to begin toilet-training their year-old daughter. The Batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of:
neural plasticity
habituation
maturation
gender-typing
object permanence
Three-year-old Angela has a history of being securely attached to her mother. It is most likely that Angela is:
unusually intelligent but also highly anxious
easily frustrated and irritable when her mother is absent
preoccupied with maintaining close physical contact with her mother
outgoing and successful in her interactions with other children
According to Piaget, egocentrism is to conservation as the ________________ stage is to the ______________ stage.
preoperational; sensorimotor
concrete operational; preoperational
sensorimotor; preoperational
concrete operational; formal operational
preoperational; concrete operational
Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of:
continuity of stages
behavior or mental processes
rationality or irrationality
stability or change
nature or nurture
People have always responded so positively to Alyssa’s good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates the:
importance of temperament and maturation
relationship between object permanence and social anxiety
interaction of nature and nurture
reciprocal influence of assimilation and accommodation
Carol is distressed because post-childbirth complications prevented her from being in close physical contact with her child during its first few hours of life. Carol should be told that:
infants should be left physically undisturbed during the first few hours of life so they can rest
physical contact with her infant immediately after birth would not contribute to the development of mother-infant attachment
human infants do not have well-defined critical periods for the formation of mother-infant attachment
as long as she can breast-feed her baby, no lasting damage will be done
Edith abuses both her 3-year-old and 1-year-old daughters. Her behavior is most likely related to a lack of:
childhood experience with younger brothers and sisters
maturation
an early and secure attachment to her own parents
formal operational intelligence
object permanence
At age 12, Jeff is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self-image. It is most likely that Jeff’s parents are:
permissive
conservative
authoritarian
authoritative
Luis is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelley is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children apparently differ in:
maturation
egocentrism
assimilation
temperament
accommodation
When Tommy’s mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly in Piaget’s __________ stage.
concrete operational
formal operational
sensorimotor
preoperational
Some mothers feed their infants faster than they can comfortable swallow, whereas others carefully adjust the pace of feeding to their baby’s natural rate of consumption. These different maternal feeding practices are most likely to contribute to differences in infant:
habituation
attachment
conservation
maturation
gender-typing
If research suggested that a pregnant mother’s use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):
FAS
form of DNA
depressant
teratogen
neurotransmitter
When Susan was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Susan is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of brain:
conservation
accommodation
habituation
imprinting
plasticity
Mrs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstick on the nose of her 2-year-old son and then allows him to see his face in a mirror. The child is most likely to:
touch his own nose
touch the mirror at the point where the lipstick shows
wave at his mirror image as if it were another child
assimilate the lipstick mark into his existing self-concept
Rita expected all college professors to be old, bearded males. She found it difficult to recognize young Kim Lee as a legitimate professor due to her own:
egocentrism
stranger anxiety
insecure attachment
inadequate schema
Adoptive parents are most likely to influence their children’s:
habituation
maturation
temperaments
attachment
Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ____________ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to _____________.
conservation; habituation
imprinting; gender-typing
object permanence; insecure attachment
sensorimotor stage; preoperational stage
assimilation; accommodation
Comparing the degree of similarity between identical twins versus the degree of similarity between fraternal twins would be most useful for assessing the impact of _____________ on development.
fetal alcohol syndrome
responsive parenting
gender schemas
temperament
Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him. Nageeb’s altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of:
habituation
assimilation
accommodation
attachment
imprinting
Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar. It is likely that Lilianne is simultaneously:
mastering the principle of conservation
developing a sense of object permanence
overcoming the limitation of egocentrism
losing her sense of secure attachment
Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget’s concept of:
accommodation
attachment
object permanence
conservation
egocentrism
Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his 7-year-old boy cries but hugs his 8-year-old daughter when she cries. Mr. Eskenazi’s contribution to the gender-typing of his children would most likely be emphasized by:
psychoanalytic theory
social learning theory
gender schema theory
evolutionary theory
Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be:
underweight
mental retarded
hyperactive
timid and fearful
Mr. Stevens, a prominent businessman, regularly votes in local elections because he wants his friends and relatives to think well of him. Mr. Steven’s motivation illustrates Kohlberg’s _________ stage.
postconventional
formal operational
egocentric
conventional
preconventional
The age of which people are expected to leave home, get a job and marry has changed dramatically in Wallonia over the past 50 years. Developmentalists would say that the country’s ___________ has been altered.
social clock
developmental norm
maturation cycle
family calendar
Sixteen-year-old Brenda questions her parents’ values but does not fully accept her friends’ standards either. Her confusion about what she really wants and values in life suggests that Brenda is struggling with the problem of:
autonomy
initiative
identity
integrity
Primary sex characteristics are to _____________ as secondary sex characteristics are to _____.
male testes; adrenal glands
female ovaries; male deepened voice
female breasts; male deepened voice
male testes; female ovaries
adrenal glands; underarm hair
At age 65, Harold is healthy, energetic and eager to celebrate his upcoming retirement from work. His current personality style is likely to be most similar to the style of personality he displayed at age:
55
40
25
18
12
Older people’s capacity to learn and remember meaningless material shows greater decline than their capacity to learn and remember meaningful material. This best illustrates the value of:
concrete operational thought
formal operational thought
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
In order to qualify for the office manager’s job, 55-year-old Phyllis must take a series of psychological tests. Her performance on the test of ____________ is likely to be poorer than if she had taken it as a 25-year-old.
general knowledge
spelling
vocabulary
abstract reasoning
verbal comprehension
Richard, a 45-year-old lawyer, has just learned he has a terminal illness. Kubler-Ross would predict that immediately after Richard gets over his initial denial, he will:
feel anger and resentment
become depressed
bargain with God for more time
accept his fate
A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) __________ study.
longitudinal
experimental
cross-sectional
chronological
According to Erikson, trust is to __________ as identity is to ______________.
infancy; childhood
childhood; adolescence
adulthood; childhood
adolescence; adulthood
infancy; adolescence
The fact that many happy and well adjusted adults were once rebellious and unhappy as adolescents is most relevant to the issue of:
continuity or stages
preconventional or postconventional morality
fluid or crystallized intelligence
stability or change
nature or nurture
The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ____________ is to an adolescent girl.
sexual intercourse
puberty
the first kiss
menarche
gender identity
Fourteen-year-old Lisa was asked, "What would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went blind?" She responded, "Those who had previously been blind would become leaders." Lisa’s answer indicates she is in the _________ stage of development.
concrete operational
preconventional
postconventional
formal operational
preoperational
On which of the following tasks is a 20-year-old most likely to outperform a 70-year-old?
recalling previously presented nonsense syllables
recognizing previously presented foreign-language words
recalling previously presented names of cities
recognizing previously presented names of fruits and vegetables
A person who does not cheat on her income tax because she might get caught and sent to jail is demonstrating Kohlberg’s ______________ stage of morality.
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
preoperational
formal operational
Ability to learn the Morse code is to ___________ as knowledge of state capitals is to __________.
concrete operations; formal operations
formal operations; concrete operations
crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
Mr. Hendriks, a high school teacher, washes the chalkboard and realigns student desks in precise rows before every class. According to the psychoanalytic perspective, Mr. Hendriks is most likely fixated at the _____________ stage.
phallic
oral
latency
genital
anal
Religious and ethnic diversity are most likely to be appreciated in a culture that values:
cooperation
individualism
reciprocal determinism
collectivism
nationalism
Santa Claus is to Superman as ____________ is to _______________.
anal fixation; oral fixation
pleasure principle; reality principle
endomorph; mesomorph
internal locus of control; external locus of control
regression; projection
Ego is to id as ______________ is to _________________.
personality; collective unconscious
morality; biology
life instinct; death instinct
reality principle; pleasure principle
self-esteem; self-serving bias
When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would probably say that Inge is using the defense mechanism of:
repression
reaction formation
rationalization
regression
displacement
Judy failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Judy’s part?
"I really didn’t prepare well enough for that test."
"I wasn’t concentrating very hard during the test."
"I Think the test questions were ambiguous and confusing."
"I lack ability in history."
Randy’s substandard academic performance is both a result and a cause of his feeling of academic inferiority. This best illustrates the importance of:
self-serving bias
an internal locus of control
the Barnum effect
reciprocal determinism
reaction formation
Dorothy believes that she will be highly successful in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates:
reaction formation
reciprocal determinism
unconditional positive regard
an Electra complex
American university students are more likely than Japanese university students to describe themselves in terms of their:
academic abilities
university affiliation
ethnic background
marital status
gender
Sharon was an abused child, as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler wold have suggested that Sharon suffers from:
an Electra complex
role confusion
an oral fixation
feelings of inferiority
the Barnum effect
Carol was informed by a professional palm reader: "You generally communicate openly with others, but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never guess." The fact that Carol was impressed by the palm reader’s insight into her personality best illustrates:
unconditional positive regard
the Barnum effect
the Electra complex
reciprocal determinism
attributional style
Elmer wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to express his disgust for some of his wife’s habits. According to Freud, Elmer’s ________ might enable him to partially satisfy both desires.
actualized self
collective unconscious
superego
Oedipus complex
Ego
Alice is terribly gullible and accepts as true just about anything she is told. According to psychoanalytic perspective, Alice is most likely fixated at the ___________ stage.
oral
phallic
anal
genital
latency
When professor Thompson lived overseas for a year, he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was a retired college professor. His sense of surprise suggests that he had not previously lived in a culture that valued:
collectivism
self-actualization
reciprocal determinism
individualism
social diversity
An excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to:
reaction formation
projection
regression
an Electra complex
displacement
Gene spends a good deal of time bragging about his numerous sexual exploits. Freud would have suggested that Gene is fixated at the:
genital
oral
latency
phallic
anal
While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor’s treatment of students as an example of:
reaction formation
rationalization
displacement
projection
regression
Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most closely related to one’s level of creativity?
extraversion
openness
emotional stability
agreeableness
Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, "You could better spend the time playing with our kids." Melissa’s comment best illustrates:
regression
projection
rationalization
displacement
reaction formation
Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children’s feelings, and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by:
Bandura
Allport
Freud
Rogers
Jung
Sasha believes that the questions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha’s belief most clearly illustrates:
reciprocal determinism
reaction formation
an external locus of control
the Barnum effect
displacement
Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them very kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is mean by:
reaction formation
the Barnum effect
displacement
external locus of control
reciprocal determinism
Which theory would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity?
Allport’s trait theory
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
Bandura’s social cognitive theory
Maslow’s humanistic theory
Mrs. Smith, who is white and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation, tells her friends that most African Americans prefer to live in predominantly black residential neighborhoods. According to psychoanalytic theory, Mrs. Smith best illustrates:
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
displacement
regression
A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of:
social responsibility
personal control
self-actualization
racial diversity
free association
Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, delusions, and other symptoms of psychological disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?
MMPI-2
Rorschach
TAT
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator