Qualitative Analysis Photos

 

Chromic Acid Test

 

Addition of Chromic Acid Reagent to 1º, 2º & 3º alcohols

 

 

Left to right: 1º alcohol, 2º alcohol & 3º alcohol

 

 

 

***Note: Appearance of green color indicates presence of a primary or secondary alcohol. Aldehydes also produce positive results with this test.

 

 

Ferric Chloride Test

 

 

Left to Right: Hydrocarbon and Phenol reacted with 1% FeCl3

 

 

 

***Note: Formation of red color indicates positive results and therefore the presence of an aromatic compound.

 

  

Iodoform Test

Reaction with KI3

 

Left to right: methyl ketone, 2-butanol and alkane

 

***Note: Formation of pale yellow precipitate indicates positive test for the presence of methyl ketones.  2-Butanol is oxidized to 2-butanone which is a methyl ketone.  Therefore, it will also produce a pale yellow precipitate if a lot of KI3 is added.

Left to right: Cyclohexanone, 1-butanol and butanal

 

*** Note: No iodoform precipitation

 

 

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Test

 

 

 

Left to right: aldehydes, ketone and amine

 

***Note: Orange precipitate indicates positive test for aldehydes and ketones while yellow solution indicates negative test

 

 

Hinsberg Test

 

Left to right: 1º amine, 2º amine & 3º amine

 

1º amine reacted with HCl

 

***Note: Primary and secondary amines produce soluble and insoluble precipitates respectively while tertiary amines produce no precipitate.

 

 

Silver Nitrate Test

 

Left to right: alkyl halide and carboxylic acid

 

***Note: Formation of white, insoluble precipitate indicates positive results for the presence of and silver halides.

 

 

Lucas Test

 

Left to right: 1º alcohol, 2º alcohol & 3º alcohol immediately after addition of Lucas Reagent

 2 minutes after addition of Lucas Reagent

 

 

5 minutes after addition of Lucas Reagent

 

 

***Note: Primary alcohols do not turn cloudy, secondary alcohols turn cloudy after 2-5 minutes and tertiary alcohols turn cloudy instantly with addition of Lucas Reagent

 

 

Bromination Test

 

Left to right: cycloalkane and cycloalkene

 

***Note: Rapid disappearance of bromine color indicates the presence of an alkene

 

 

 

Potassium Permanganate Test

 

Left to right: cycloalkene and aromatic compound

 

***Note: Formation of brown precipitate indicates the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds.