Chapter 21 Learning Objectives:

1. Be able to define:  nucleophilic acyl substitution, acid chloride, anhydride, ester, primary amide, nitrile, carboxylate ion, Fischer esterification, transesterification, saponification, Friedel-Crafts acylation, ammonolysis of an ester, Hofmann rearrangement.
2. Be able to name a given acid halide, acid anhydride, ester, or amide using the IUPAC system of nomenclature
3. Be able to draw the structure of an acid halide, acid anhydride, ester, or amide given the IUPAC name
4. Know the conditions, be able to write a mechanism, and predict the products of acid halide formation.
5. Know the conditions, be able to write a mechanism, and predict the products of acid anhydride formation.
6. Know the conditions, be able to write a mechanism, and predict the products of amide formation.
7. Be able to draw the synthetic steps necessary to synthesize a target molecule from one or more given starting compounds.