Chapter 3 Learning Objectives:
- Be able to define and draw an example: alkane, alkene, alkyne,
hydrophobic, conformers, Newman projection, dihedral angle, eclipsed,
staggered, gauche, anti conformation, steric strain, cis-trans isomers on a
cycloalkane, chair conformation, boat conformation, twist boat conformation,
half-chair conformation, axial position, equatorial position, 1,3-diaxial
interactions, catalytic cracking, fused ring system, bridged bicyclic
compound, bridgehead carbon atoms, spirocyclic compounds, combustion.
- Know the nomenclature prefixes up to 20 carbons.
- Be able to name a given alkane, alkyl halides, cycloalkane(including cis
and trans isomers), or bicycloalkane using the IUPAC nomenclature system.
- Be able to name isobutane, isopentane, neopentane, methylene halides, and
the haloforms given their structures.
- Be able to draw the structure of an alkane, alkyl halides,
cycloalkane(including cis and trans isomers), or bicycloalkane given an
IUPAC name.
- Be able to draw isobutane, isopentane, neopentane, methylene halides, and
the haloforms given their names.
- Be able to list eight physical properties of alkanes and cycloalkanes
including odor, taste, color, boiling points, melting points, density,
polarity and solubility.
- Be able to determine the relative boiling points of a series of alkanes.
- Be able to describe the relative reactivity of alkanes.
- Be able to write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion reaction
of a given alkane.
- Be able to describe the structures of cyclopropane, cyclobutane,
cyclopentane, and cyclohexane including ideal bond angles and actual bond
angles. Know how the actual bond angles effect the ring strain, energy
and stability in each of the structures.
- Be able to draw (using Newman projections or sawhorse structures) and
label the conformations of ethane, propane, and butane. Know the
relative energies and stabilities of each conformation for each compound.
- Be able to draw the most stable conformations of cyclopropane, cyclobutane,
and cyclopentane.
- Be able to draw all of the conformations of cyclohexane and substituted
cyclohexanes and determine their relative stabilities.
- Be able to identify a cyclohexane substitutent as axial or equatorial.