Chapter 2 Learning Objectives:

1. Be able to define and give an example:  hybrid atomic orbital, sigma bond, pi bond, double bond, triple bond, constitutional isomers, bond dipole moment, molecular dipole moment, dipole-dipole forces, London forces, hydrogen bonding, miscible liquids, hydrocarbons, alkyl groups, functional group, alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, ether, ketone, aldehyde, aromatic hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid, ester, amine, amide, nitrile.
2. Be able to describe the shape of sp³, sp² and sp hybrid orbitals.
3. Be able to describe the molecular geometry and bond angles of an atom that is sp³, sp² or sp hybridized.
4. Be able to determine the hybridization of all carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in a given compound.
5. Be able to describe a sigma bond and a pi bond.  Be able to identify  the covalent bonds in a single, double, and triple bond as sigma bonds or pi bonds.
6. Be able to determine the type of intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion forces) present in a sample of a given compound.  Know the relative strengths of these forces and how they effect boiling points and solubilities.
7. Be able to predict relative boiling points of a series of compounds based on the strength of their intermolecular forces.
8. Be able to determine whether two given structures are constitutional isomers.
9. Be able to classify a compound based on the functional group present in the structure.