Chapter 1 Learning Objectives:

1. Be able to define: modern organic chemistry, vitalism, ionic bonding, covalent bonding, formal charges, resonance structures, Arrhenius acid, Arrhenius Base, Bronsted-Lowry Acid, Bronsted-Lowry Base, Lewis acid, Lewis base, electrophile, nucleophile.
2. Be able to determine if a bond is polar or nonpolar and the direction of polarity based on the electronegativity difference of the two bonded atoms.
3. Be familiar with the exceptions to the octet rule.
4. Be able to draw Lewis structures for molecules and polyatomic ions, and assign formal charge to each atom.
5. Be able to draw all resonance structures for a given molecule or ion.
6. Be able to predict the relative acidity of a series of compounds based on periodic trends and resonance stabilization of the conjugate base.
7. Be able to predict the relative basicity of a series of compounds based on periodic trends and resonance stabilization of the conjugate base.
8. Given an acid-base reaction, be able to identify the acid, the base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base.  Be able to predict the favored direction of the reaction based on acid-base strengths.
9. Given a Lewis acid-base reaction, be able to identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base.
10. Be able to use curvy arrows to represent electron movement in a chemical reaction.
11. Given a chemical reaction, be able to classify the reactants as nucleophiles and electrophiles.