Review for lab practical 2

Fermentation and Cellular Respiration

·         What are the starting and ending reactants and products for glycolysis and fermentation?

·         Where does glycolysis, the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur?

·         How did you set up the experiment with yeast and glucose to measure fermentation?       
            what were the results?
            what was the independent and dependent variable?

·         What is the function of the spectrophotometer?

·         How do you use the spectrophotometer?  What are the different knobs for?

·         How did you use the spectrophotometer to measure cellular respiration and enzymes in the Krebs cycle?

o   What was the purpose of each reagent in the experiment – succinate, DPIP, etc.?

Photosynthesis

·         If you are told the color of a product, can you state what colors it reflects or absorbs?

·         For the chromatography experiment, can you explain how the polar and nonpolar compounds migrate?

·         If you were given the results for a chromatography experiment, could you state which compounds were more or less polar?

·         What compounds in the leaves cause the different colors?

·         Where in the leaves does photosynthesis occur?

·         What are the starting and ending products of photosynthesis?

·         How can the K₂I test be used to determine if photosynthesis occurred?

·         Be able to look at an aborsorption spectrum and make conclusions.

·         What are the starting and ending products of photosynthesis?

Mitosis, Meiosis and the cell cycle

·         Be able to describe what are the different stages of the cell cycle and what happens at the different stages.

·         Be able to identify different stages of mitosis and meiosis and what happens at each stage.

·         Be able to state when sister chromatids and when homologous chromosomes line up.

·         How is mitosis different in plants and animals?

·         Be able to write what happens at these different stages (including where crossing over occurs).

Mendelian Genetics and Corns

·         Know the difference between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.

·         Be able to perform monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.

o   Be able to determine genotype ratios (monohybrid crosses) and phenotype ratios (monohybrid and dihybrid crosses).

·         What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous and between dominant and recessive?

Chi Squared test

·         After performing a Chi squared test, how will you determine if your samples are statistically different from each other?

·         How will use the p value?

·         How will use the table?

DNA structure lab

·         What is the difference between replication, transcription and translation?

·         If you are given a double stranded DNA molecule, can you show:

o   what will happen after replication

o   what will happen after transcription

o   what will happen after translation – you need to know how to use the codon table

·         Which bases bind together in DNA?  How many hydrogen bonds do they form?

·         What bases are found in DNA?  What bases are found in RNA?

·         What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

·         Be able to recognize a nucleotide and be able to show where the base, phosphate and next nucleotide join?

·         Is DNA right or left handed?

·         What is a codon and what is an anticodon?  How are they related?

·         What is the start codon?

·         What are some things that are needed for translation to occur?

Electrophoresis lab

·         Be able to convert from base pairs to kilo base pairs and vice versa.

·         What is it called if you take DNA from two sources and combine them?

·         Which fragments would be closest to the top of the gel and closest to the bottom of the gel after performing electrophoresis?

·         If you are given a plasmid map and you are told to cut the DNA with a certain restriction enzymes (either one or two), can you determine the number of fragments produced and the size of the fragments?

·         What is a palindrome sequence?