Chapter 10 Objectives

Know the structure of DNA and RNA

Know the differences between DNA and RNA

Understand the details of 3 different processes

    Replication

    Transcription

    Translation 

What are differences between RNA and DNA?

What bases bind together?  How many hydrogen bonds do they have?

What makes up a nucleotide?

How does one nucleotide bind to the next nucleotide?

How do the two strands of DNA bind together?

What is the difference between replication, transcription and translation?

What is the difference between DNA polymerase, DNA ligase and RNA polymerase?

What happens during each process?

What is a promoter?

What is an intron and an exon?

Besides splicing, what are some other ways to process the mRNA?

What is the difference between mRNA, tRNA and rRNA?

What are the A and P sites?  What process are they involved with?

Know your numbers!!!!

          Is DNA and RNA single or double stranded?

           How many different bases are there?

            How many different amino acids are there?

            How many bases are in a codon?

            How many different combinations of codons are there?</ul>

What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

What codon signals the start of translation?

What does the word stop codon mean?

What is the sequence for the stop codons?

What does the word degenerate mean?

What happens at the ribosome?

What is the difference between normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin?

You need to know the different steps in protein synthesis.

If I give you the sequence of DNA or RNA, you will need to know how to determine the sequence of amino acids.  You do not need to memorize the table.  I will give it to you.

Objectives for electrophoresis

What is the purpose of electrophoresis?

What is a gel?

What does ethidium bromide do?

What is the purpose of putting a comb in a gel?

What are two reasons for adding the colored dye (loading buffer) to your DNA sample?

What is a micropipet and what is it used for?

Is DNA negatively or positively charged?

Does DNA migrate to the negative or positive electrode?

How do you determine the size of your DNA molecules?

What migrates faster in electrophoresis, small sized fragments or large sized fragments?

What are some differences between DNA and protein electrophoresis?

        What makes DNA negatively charged?  What makes proteins negatively charged?

        Why is SDS added to proteins?

         What direction are DNA gels setup in?  How about protein?       

          Where is running buffer used in DNA and protein gels?

          Are DNA samples treated in any way before running the gels?  How about proteins?

            What are DNA gels composed of?  What are protein gels composed of?

          How are DNA gels stained?  How are protein gels stained?

           How are DNA gels viewed?  How are protein gels viewed?

           How do you determine the size of your DNA or protein?