1) What conclusions did Paul Weeks (1999) reach
following his study on the relationship between red-billed oxpeckers and
large mammals?
A) The red-billed oxpeckers drink the blood and feed off the earwax of their
hosts.
B) The red-billed oxpeckers have a parasitic relationship to their host.
C) The red-billed oxpeckers eat the ticks off of the large mammals and help
the healing process of their wounds created by ticks.
D) A and B are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
2) Huey and colleagues (1989b) observed that garter
snakes maintain a fairly constant temperature of between 28°C and 32°C. They
did a study to determine whether snakes behaviorally thermoregulate. What
observations did they make to support thermoregulation?
A) Measured the temperature of two snakes in nature over a day.
B) Measured the temperature of different thicknesses of rock over a day.
C) Measured temperatures of burrows and different depths over a day.
D) Measured the temperature of a model snake on the surface over a day.
E) They did all of the above measurements
AB) They did all of the measurements except D
3) Entomologists had speculated that the unique wing display of the tephritid fly, Zonosemata vittigera, was possibly a behavior that mimicked jumping spiders. Erick Greene and colleagues (1987) proposed testing competing hypotheses. Which hypothesis below was NOT proposed?
A) The flies do not mimic jumping spiders. They could use the wing markings and wavings during courtship.
B) The flies mimic jumping spiders in order to deter predation from the jumping spiders themselves.
C) The wing waving of the flies is an act to show dominance over the houseflies.
D) The flies mimic jumping spiders in order to deter predation from other predators and from jumping spiders.
4) Why was it necessary for David Hosken to use the Felsenstein method to
test his results on the positive correlation of testes size and group size?
A) He was not sure of the independence of his data points, they may show
clusters of related species.
B) There was a possibility that larger testes sizes were inherited and not
adaptive.
C) The negative correlation of brain size and testes size disproved his
hypothesis.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
5) The purpose of the housefly with Zonosemata
wings was to
A) test effect of no wing markings and no waving.
B) test effect of wing markings with no waving.
C) control for effects of the wing cutting and gluing operation.
D) test the effect of wing markings and wing waving.
E) test the effect of wing waving without wing markings.
6) When studying adaptation it is important to remember
that
A) the differences between species is most likely caused by adaptive traits.
B) adaptations are practically perfect in every way.
C) adaptations are the most plausible explanation for particular behaviors
and traits
D) not every trait is an adaptation
7) The graph above on phototactic behavior in
Daphnia illustrates
A) phenotypic plasticity is adaptive
B) that Daphnia avoid light in the presence of predators
C) genotype-by-environment interaction
D) A and B are correct
E) A, B and C are correct
8) Schemske and Agren (1995) concluded that while
larger female flowers attracts more bees, the possible directional selection
towards larger flowers is not adaptive. Why?
A) Large female flowers lead to the production fewer seeds per
inflorescence.
B) There is a tradeoff between large female flowers and the number of female
flowers found on an inflorescence
C) There is a lack of genetic variation for female flower size.
D) A and B are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct
9) In determining whether it is genetically possible
for a member of the beetle genus Ophraella to make a shift to a
different host plant, the beetle would need the following characteristics:
A) the ability to detoxify defensive plant toxins
B) the ability to recognize a plant as appropriate food
C) the ability to recognize the plant as appropriate for egg laying
D) A and B are correct
E) A, B and C are correct
10) In examining selection, Taylor and colleagues
(2002) studied yeast that had normal and parasitic mitochondria. This
experiment demonstrated that
A) in small populations parasitic mitochondria are maladaptive.
B) in large populations parasitic mitochondria are adaptive.
C) when there are more than two genomes in a cell, selection can act
separately on those two genomes.
D) A and B are correct
E) A,B and C are correct
11) Carol Lee applied two species concepts to determine
whether the copepod, E. affinis was one species or many. What two
concepts did she use?
A) She used the phylogenetic concept and sequenced two genes to examine
relatedness among 38 populations of E. affinis.
B) She used the morphological species concept and did careful measurements
of the different morphological characteristics of E. affinis.
C) She used the biological species concept and mated different
populations of E. affinis to see if they would mate and produce
viable offspring.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.
12) The most important step in speciation
is
A) changes to an organism’s environment.
B) mutation.
C) secondary contact.
D) lack of gene flow between two populations.
E) female mate choice.
13) Rapid speciation can be caused by
A) chromosomal incompatibility produced by karyotype differences.
B) mutations that result in polyploidy.
C) mutations that result in triploidy.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
14) Vicariance is produced when
A) two land masses separate.
B) a land bridge is formed and splits a body of water.
C) volcanic activity produces new islands.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
15) Why did Knowlton and Weigt (1998) think that sister
taxa 7 and 3 occur at such different times in the phylogetic tree above?
A) The isthmus of Panama developed slowly.
B) Snapping shrimp taxa 7 may have lived deeper in the ocean than taxa 3.
C) Snapping shrimp taxa 7 may have less motile larvae than taxa 3.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
16) Genetic drift
A) is the key to speciation’s second stage.
B) occurs in small isolated populations.
C) leads to a loss of rare alleles.
D) can lead to fixed alleles.
E) All of the statements above are correct.
17) Selective pressures on the maggot fly,
Rhagoletis pomonella, have led to
A) speciation.
B) changes in the allele frequency of genes that affect emergence of the
adult fly.
C) increased mating between the apple and hawthorne flies.
D) differences in the appearance of flies that use apples as a host and
flies that use hawthorne as a host.
E) All are correct.
18) Put the following steps in order in the speciation between two closely related Drosophila:
1. A mutation occurs in a subpopulation that leads to a new fighting behavior: head-butting.
2. Males with normal heads, court females on the lek by “boxing”. Females choose the successful male fighters.
3. Additional mutations lead to widely spaced eyes that experience less damage during head-butting.
4. Head-butting males are more successful than boxing males, leading to females choosing them for mating.
A) 1"2"4"3
B) 2"1"4"3
C) 2"4"1"3
D) 1"4"2"3
19) Which of the following exemplify synapomorphies?
A) a shared derived trait
B) a homologous trait
C) a similar trait
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
20) The dispersal and colonization hypothesis as
applied to the colonization of Hawaii by Drosophila makes the
following prediction(s):
A) Most of the Drosophila species should be restricted to one island.
B) Closely related species should be found on nearby islands.
C) The sequence of branching from the common ancestor should correspond to
the appearance of the different islands.
D) A and B are correct.
E) B and C are correct.
21) The divergence between marine and freshwater
three-spined stickleback has been traced to
A) sexual selection
B) regulatory change in the Pitx gene that leads to a loss in the
development of the pelvic girdle
C) change in the frequency of the alleles for the Eda gene that lead
to loss of the lateral body plates
D) B and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct
