FINAL Study Guide
12/9/2009 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 33% will be on Chapter 45, 48 and half of Chapter 49.
Chapter 45
Differences between paracrine, hormonal, and neurohormonal signalling
Homeostasis of thyroid hormones, hormones affecting calcium levels and glucose levels in the blood.
Adrenal hormones and the pathways involved in short and long term stress. Know what they do (Fig. 45.13)
Hormonal regulation of insect development (Fig. 45.15)
Chapter 49:
Parts of a neuron,
types of glial cells and their functions,
basic neural circuitry (Stretch reflex or patellar reflex in Fig. 49.3),
organization of the peripheral nervous system (know sensory, integrative, motor and effectors)
Chapter 48:
Electrical signaling in neurons,
The phases of an action potential and the ions responsible for producing the different phases of an action potential, and t
The membrane proteins that allow movement of ions.
The steps involved in chemical signaling
Neurotransmitters and their functions (good matching question)
Darwin's mechanism of evolution--natural selection (remember this is happening at the level of the organism) and the observations and inferences of Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Understand the difference between homologies and analogies and examples of each.
Population genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem. Know the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and be able to calculate allele frequencies and genetotype frequencies
Know the roles of genetic mutation and sexual selection in altering genetic composition and in producing evolutionary changes of a population.
Know about allopatric and sympatric speciation and adaptive radiation.
Know how macroevolutionary and microevolutionary changes can take place.
Cladistics (Fig 25.10) and the different phylogenetic trees.
Chapter 28: Know the summary of key concepts and Table 28.1
Chapter 31: Concept 31.1, 31.5 (practical uses of fungi and pathological fungi)
Chapter 32: concept 32.1, 32.3.
Chapter 33: Summary of key concepts and Table 33.7.
Chapter 36: Transport of water and minerals and transport of phloem.
Possible essay questions on the final include:
Describe what occurs at a chemical synapse and indicate how an electrical signal leads to a chemical signal at the synapse and how the chemical signal is changed into an electrical signal in the postsynaptic cell.
Draw an action potential and label its different phases and indicating what ions and their movement are responsible for each phase.
Describe or indicate with a diagram the organization of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Indicate what kind of information is sent to the central nervous system and what kind of information is sent to the effectors from the central nervous system. What are the effectors for the different PNS systems
Discuss Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Why did Ernst Mayr’s biological species model logically follow from his understanding of Darwin's theory?
How do animals sustain bodily functions? How is this activity measured and how does an organisms size impact maintaining bodily functions?