Immune System

	This is a picture of blood exhibiting sickle-cell anemia at 450x. Notice the misshapen red blood cells in the center of the picture.
	This is a (blurry) photo showing leukocytosis at 450x. Notice the increased number of white blood cells visible in the photo.
	This shows the slide of blood exhibiting leukemia that you viewed in lab. The picture was taken at 450x.

	The large, granular cell in this picture is a basophil at 450x (the color is probably different from what you remember seeing - this is due to differences in the characteristics of the camera and scanner used to get this picture).
	This image shows a neutrophil (at the left side of the picture) and a monocyte towards the right side. Note the blurry, horseshoe-shaped nucleus in the monocyte. This picture was taken at 450x.
	This picture shows a lymphocyte (bottom right) and neutrophil (top left). The picture was taken at 450x
	Here's an example output graph from the Populus software. In this example, all the HIV was killed off, and the immune system returned to normal levels.
	In this case, HIV prevailed, killing off all of the T_H cells.
	This graph shows the replication rate for the virus. Note that it is initially variable, depending on the current state of the immune system, but as the T cells die off, viral replication increases.
	This graph shows the diversity of HIV strains. The number of different strains increases until the majority of the T cells are dead, then many of the HIV strains die out as well, leading to a decrease in diversity. Notice that there are still 10 strains left at the end of the graph.
	This shows the abundance of the different strains. All strains have low numbers until the immune system is destroyed, then many strains show an increase, with some becoming very abundant, with others changing more slowly or not at all.
	The last graph shows the abundance of different types of T cells. The green line represents cells that are cross-reactive (meaning they respond to all strains of HIV) while the yellow lines represent T cells that only respond to particular strains of HIV. Each of the yellow lines only has a brief duration that corresponds to the time when that particular HIV strain is present in the body.
Questions for review: What is the function of the basophils? What is the function of the lymph node and spleen? The white blood cells that are the first to respond to injury/infection are the _______? The portion of an antibody that contains the antigen binding site is called the _________________? When two species share a close relationship over evolutionary time, they often change in a process called ___________________? Click here for the answers to the questions

Immune System and Blood